x04·intermediate

How does dust on Earth compare to dust on Mars?

Earth Science Planetary Science
atmosphereland Datasets: 1 30–60 min
Run it yourself

Download a ready-to-run notebook for this question. It runs in any Python environment and needs a free Earthdata Login to fetch the data. Edit the area, dates, and thresholds for your own case.

On this page
The synthesis

The same imaging-spectroscopy technique maps the mineral makeup of dust sources on Earth (Earth, EMIT) and on Mars (Planetary, CRISM) — letting two worlds inform one another.

How does dust on Earth compare to dust on Mars?

What you can answer

  • Compare the mineral fingerprint of dust-source regions on both planets.
  • Use Mars’ dust-storm behaviour to sharpen questions about Earth’s, and vice versa.

What you can NOT answer with these datasets alone

  • Combine the pixels directly — different worlds, instruments and scales.
  • Measure airborne dust composition — EMIT reads the surface source.

The cross-division bridge

Earth-anchored, reaching into Planetary Science. Both sides use the same physics — imaging spectroscopy. The Earth side is EMIT on the ISS, mapping the mineralogy of arid dust-source regions. The Planetary side is MRO CRISM, the visible-infrared spectrometer that mapped minerals across Mars. The shared technique lets each world’s dust science inform the other.

Sources

How a scientist answers this
Parameters
EMIT L2A surface reflectance (EMITL2ARFL) — imaging-spectrometer reflectance across ~380–2500 nm (~60 m) from the ISS, used to map diagnostic mineral absorption features of arid dust-source regions; compared conceptually (not pixel-merged) with MRO CRISM visible–infrared mineral maps of Mars, which share the same imaging-spectroscopy physics.
Method
Extract continuum-removed absorption-band depths/positions from EMIT reflectance to identify dust-source minerals (e.g. iron oxides, clays), then compare those spectral fingerprints qualitatively against CRISM-derived Mars mineralogy to let each planet's dust science inform the other.
Validation
Tie EMIT mineral identifications to spectral-library references and field/lab samples, and explicitly keep the two datasets separate — different worlds, instruments, illumination, and scales mean the comparison is by shared technique, not combined pixels; note EMIT reads the surface source, not airborne dust composition.
In plain EnglishAn Earth-orbiting spectrometer reads the mineral 'colours' of desert dust sources, and the same kind of instrument at Mars read its dust minerals — so we compare the fingerprints rather than the planets directly.

Make it yours → Select your dust-source AOI and the EMIT scenes (and target minerals) in the notebook.

Run the core method · no login

The robust trend (Theil–Sen + Mann–Kendall) at the heart of this question — runnable on synthetic data, right here. The full earthaccess code template further down does it on real NASA data (needs an Earthdata login).

editable · runs in your browser

From another NASA division

Planetary Science
MRO CRISM Mars Mineral Spectroscopy
A visible-infrared spectrometer mapping minerals across Mars — the planetary cousin of EMIT, built on the same imaging-spectroscopy idea.
MRO_CRISM · orbital, Mars

Datasets used